Scientific Name
Cynoglossus arel  
Pronounce  
 Cynoglossus arel大鱗舌鰨
by: Lab of Fish Ecol. and Evo., BRCAS
Author (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Depth 9 - 125M
Chinese 大鱗舌鰨 Poisonous Fish No 
Family_Chinese 舌鰨科 Economic Fish Yes 
Family F502　Cynoglossidae Edible Fish Yes  Chinese In Mainland China 印度舌鰨 
Max Length 40 cm  Aquarium Fish No  Common Name 牛舌、龍舌、扁魚、皇帝魚、比目魚 
Distribution in World India Ocean to West Pacific Ocean   Distribution in Taiwan West、North 
Habitats Benthos、Estuary、Fresh Water、Coastal  Holotype Locality Tranqueba, India 
Synonyms Cynoglossus macrolepidus, Cynoglossus oligolepis, Pleuronectes arel   
Reference 臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993)；中國動物誌-鰈形目(李&王, 1995)  沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed. 1993 李思忠, 王惠民 1995 
Specimen List ASIZP0062253. ASIZP0062254. ASIZP0064858. ASIZP0078546. ASIZP0078692. ASIZP0080045. ASIZP0080069. ASIZP0080070. ASIZP0800434. ASIZP0807379. ASIZP0807403. ASIZP0807404. ASIZP0910434. ASIZP0917379. ASIZP0917403. ASIZP0917404. NMMBP02639. NMMBP02745. NMMBP02795. NMMBP03583. NMMBP05840. NMNSF00492. NTUM01614. NTUM02502. NTUM05118. NTUM05469. NTUM05470. NTUM05508. NTUM05518. USNM00192564.  
Barcode2008-03-25,Chia-Hao Chang,CO1,100% 2016-02-22,Yung-Chieh,CO1,100% 2016-02-22,Yung-Chieh,CO1,100%
Common Name Tonguefish; Macao sole; Largescale tonguesole 
Redlist Status NL Not in IUCN Redlist     
Characteristic Dorsal-fin rays 116-125; anal-fin rays 85-95; caudal-fin rays 10. Eyed side uniform brown, with a dark patch on gill cover, blind side white. Body elongate, its depth 3.85 to 5 times in standard length. Eyes with a small scaly interorbital space. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral hook short. Corner of mouth reaching posteriorly to or beyond lower of eye, about midway between gill opening and tip of snout. Caudal-fin rays usually 10. Midlateral-line scales 56 to 70. Scales large, ctenoid on eyed side of body. Cycloid on blind side. Scale rows between lateral lines on eyed side of body 7 to 9.
habitats Inhabits muddy and sandy bottoms of the continental shelf down to 125 m. Enters estuaries and tidal rivers. Feeds predominantly on bottom-living invertebrates. 
Distribution Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Sri Lanka, eastward to Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, and southern Japan. Taiwan: North, West. 
Utility Commercial fishery species. Marketed mostly fresh and frozen; also dried-salted.